REXROTH力(li)士樂(le)致力(li)於為各(ge)類機(ji)械和(he)系統(tǒng)設(shè)(she)備提(ti)供安(an)全(quan)、、以及高(gao)性(xing)價比(bi)的傳(chuan)動與(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術(shù)(shu)。公司融合的應(yīng)(ying)用經(jīng)驗(yan),研發(fā)(fa)創(chuàng)新(xin)的產(chǎn)(chan)品(pin),為行(xing)走機(ji)械、機(ji)械應(yīng)用與(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)、工(gong)廠自動化(hua)及可(ke)再生(sheng)能源每(mei)壹(yi)個細分(fen)市(shi)場(chang)的客(ke)戶(hu)量身定制(zhi)系統(tǒng)解(jie)決方(fang)案(an)及服(fu)務(wù)(wu)。
REXROTH力(li)士樂(le)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥的應(yīng)(ying)用
在現(xiàn)(xian)代化(hua)工(gong)廠的自動控(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong),REXROTH力士樂(le)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥起(qi)著十分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)的作用,這些(xie)工(gong)廠的生(sheng)產(chǎn)取(qu)決於流動著的液體(ti)和(he)氣體(ti)的正(zheng)確(que)分(fen)配(pei)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)。這些(xie)控(kong)制(zhi)無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)能量的交(jiao)換(huan)、壓(ya)力的降(jiang)低(di)或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)簡單(dan)的容器加(jia)料(liao),都需要(yao)*某(mou)些(xie)終控(kong)制(zhi)元件(jian)去(qu)完(wan)成。終控(kong)制(zhi)元件(jian)可(ke)以認(rèn)(ren)為是(shi)自動控(kong)制(zhi)的“體(ti)力”。在調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)器的低(di)能量級(ji)和(he)執(zhí)行(xing)流動流體(ti)控(kong)制(zhi)所(suo)需的高(gao)能級(ji)功(gong)能之間(jian),終(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)元件(jian)完(wan)成了(le)必要(yao)的功(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大作用。
REXROTH力士樂(le)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥是終控(kong)制(zhi)元件(jian)的廣泛使(shi)用的型(xing)式(shi)。其他(ta)的終(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)元件(jian)包(bao)括計量泵、調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)擋板和(he)百葉(ye)窗(chuang)式擋板(壹(yi)種(zhong)蝶閥的變(bian)型)、可(ke)變(bian)斜度(du)的風(fēng)(feng)扇(shan)葉片、電(dian)流調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)裝置(zhi)以及(ji)不同(tong)於閥門(men)的電(dian)動機定(ding)位(wei)裝置(zhi)。
盡管(guan)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥得到廣泛的使(shi)用,調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)系統(tǒng)中(zhong)的其它單(dan)元大概(gai)都沒有像它那樣少的維(wei)護工(gong)作量。在許(xu)多系統(tǒng)中(zhong),調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥經(jīng)受(shou)的工(gong)作條(tiao)件如(ru)溫度(du)、壓(ya)力、腐(fu)蝕(shi)和(he)汙染都(dou)要(yao)比(bi)其它部件更(geng)為嚴(yán)(yan)重(zhong),然(ran)而,當(dāng)(dang)它控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)藝(yi)流體(ti)的流(liu)動時,它必須(xu)令(ling)人(ren)滿意(yi)地(di)運(yun)行(xing)及少(shao)的維(wei)修量。
在氣動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)系統(tǒng)中(zhong),REXROTH力士樂(le)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)器輸出(chu)的氣(qi)動信(xin)號(hao)可(ke)以直(zhi)接驅(qū)(qu)動彈簧壹薄(bo)膜式(shi)執(zhí)行(xing)機構(gòu)(gou)或(huo)者(zhe)活(huo)塞式(shi)執(zhí)行(xing)機構(gòu)(gou),使(shi)閥(fa)門動作。在這種(zhong)情況(kuang)下(xia),確(que)定(ding)閥(fa)位(wei)所(suo)需的能量是由壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)提(ti)供的,壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)應(yīng)(ying)當(dāng)(dang)在室外(wai)的設(shè)(she)備中(zhong)加以(yi)幹(gan)燥,以防(fang)止(zhi)凍(dong)結(jié),並應(yīng)(ying)凈(jing)化(hua)和(he)過(guo)濾。
當(dāng)(dang)壹(yi)個氣動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥和(he)電(dian)動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)器配套(tao)使(shi)用時,可(ke)采用電(dian)壹氣閥門(men)定(ding)位(wei)器或(huo)電(dian)壹氣轉(zhuǎn)換(huan)器(qi)。壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)的供氣系統(tǒng)可(ke)以和(he)用於全氣(qi)動的調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)系統(tǒng)壹(yi)樣來考(kao)慮。
在調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)理(li)論(lun)的術(shù)(shu)語中(zhong),調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥既(ji)有靜態(tài)特性(xing),又(you)有動態(tài)特性(xing),因(yin)而它影響整個控(kong)制(zhi)回(hui)路(lu)成敗。靜態(tài)特性(xing)或(huo)增(zeng)益(yi)項(xiang)是閥(fa)的流(liu)量特性(xing),它取(qu)決於閥門(men)的尺(chi)寸、閥芯和(he)閥座(zuo)的組(zu)合(he)結(jié)構(gòu)(gou)、執(zhí)行(xing)機構(gòu)(gou)的類(lei)型(xing)、閥門定(ding)位(wei)器、閥(fa)前(qian)和(he)閥後(hou)的壓(ya)力以(yi)及(ji)流(liu)體(ti)的性(xing)質(zhì)(zhi)。第(di)5章(zhang)中(zhong)將(jiang)詳(xiang)細地(di)介(jie)紹這些(xie)內(nèi)(nei)容。
動態(tài)特性(xing)是(shi)由(you)執(zhí)行(xing)機構(gòu)(gou)或(huo)閥(fa)門定位(wei)器壹(yi)執(zhí)行(xing)機構(gòu)(gou)組合(he)決定(ding)的。對(dui)於較(jiao)慢(man)的生(sheng)產(chǎn)過(guo)程(cheng),如溫度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)或(huo)液位(wei)控(kong)制(zhi),閥(fa)的動態(tài)特性(xing)在可(ke)控(kong)性(xing)方(fang)面(mian)壹(yi)般不是限制(zhi)因(yin)素(su)。對(dui)於較(jiao)快(kuai)的系統(tǒng),如(ru)液體(ti)的流(liu)量控(kong)制(zhi),調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥可(ke)能有明顯(xian)的滯後,在回路(lu)的可(ke)控(kong)性(xing)方(fang)面(mian)壹(yi)定要(yao)有所(suo)考(kao)慮。壹(yi)般只有控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tǒng)的專(zhuan)家才需要(yao)關(guān)心調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥的動態(tài)持(chi)性(xing),關(guān)於應(yīng)用閥門(men)定位(wei)器的正(zheng)規(guī)(gui)考(kao)慮如(ru)第9章(zhang)中(zhong)所(suo)討論(lun)的,將(jiang)滿足大多(duo)數(shù)(shu)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥裝置(zhi)的需(xu)要(yao)。
自動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥的歷(li)史(shi)可(ke)追溯到自力(li)式調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閥,它包括壹(yi)個帶(dai)有重(zhong)物(wu)桿的球形閥,重(zhong)物(wu)用來平衡閥芯力,從(cong)而得(de)到(dao)某(mou)種(zhong)程(cheng)度(du)的調(diào)(tiao)節(jié),另(ling)壹種(zhong)早期的自力(li)式調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閿?shù)男问绞菈?ya)力平衡式調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閥。工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)的壓(ya)力用管(guan)線(xian)接到(dao)彈簧薄膜調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閥的薄(bo)膜氣(qi)室上(shang)。無(wu)論是(shi)減壓(ya)閥、閥(fa)後(hou)壓(ya)力式(shi)調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閥或(huo)是(shi)差壓(ya)調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閥都(dou)筆(bi)夠(gou)從(cong)這種(zhong)基(ji)型閥(fa)門(men)的變(bian)更(geng)而制(zhi)造出(chu)來。
氣(qi)動變(bian)送(song)器(qi)和(he)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)器的出(chu)現(xiàn)(xian),就(jiu)必然(ran)地導(dǎo)致氣(qi)動詞節(jié)閥的應(yīng)(ying)用。它們(men)本質(zhì)(zhi)上是(shi)減壓(ya)閥或(huo)閥(fa)後壓(ya)力式(shi)調(diào)(tiao)壓(ya)閥,改(gai)用儀表(biao)壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)來代(dai)替(ti)工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)的流(liu)體(ti)。許(xu)多生(sheng)產(chǎn)減(jian)壓(ya)閥的公(gong)司已經(jīng)發(fā)展(zhan)成為調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥制(zhi)造廠。調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥的應(yīng)(ying)用從(cong)數(shù)(shu)量上和(he)復(fù)雜性(xing)方(fang)面(mian)繼續(xù)不(bu)斷地得(de)到(dao)發(fā)展(zhan),許(xu)多閥(fa)門(men)的閥(fa)體(ti)和(he)附件(jian)的改(gai)進可(ke)以用來解(jie)決各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣的問題。本(ben)手冊的意(yi)圖(tu)是(shi)使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)們(men)熟悉(xi)調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥的結(jié)紙(zhi)醉(zui)金迷和(he)因素(su),幫(bang)助(zhu)儀表工(gong)程(cheng)師在應(yīng)用中(zhong)選用的閥(fa)體(ti)、執(zhí)行(xing)機構(gòu)(gou)和(he)附件(jian)。
調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥按行(xing)程(cheng)特點(dian)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei):直(zhi)行(xing)程(cheng)和(he)角行(xing)程(cheng)。直(zhi)行(xing)程(cheng)包括:單(dan)座閥(fa)、雙座閥、套(tao)筒(tong)閥、角(jiao)形閥、三(san)通閥、隔(ge)膜閥(fa);角(jiao)行(xing)程(cheng)包括:蝶閥、球閥、偏(pian)心旋(xuan)轉(zhuǎn)閥(fa)、全(quan)功能超輕(qing)型調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥。調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥按驅(qū)動方式(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei):氣動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥、電(dian)動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥和(he)液動調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥;按調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)形式可(ke)分(fen)為(wei):調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)型、切斷型(xing)、調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)切斷型;按(an)流(liu)量特性(xing)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei):線性(xing)、等(deng)百(bai)分(fen)比(bi)、拋物(wu)線(xian)、快(kuai)開(kai)。調(diào)(tiao)節(jié)閥適用於空氣(qi)、水(shui)、蒸汽(qi)、各種腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)介(jie)質(zhì)、泥漿、油品等(deng)介(jie)質(zhì)。